Public Policy – Agricultural credit

Agricultural policy is a set of rules that are related to domestic agriculture and imports of food products. The governments of every state implements these set of rules with the aim of brining about a sound stability in the domestic agriculture   markets and to protect the interest of the farmers from supply levels, price rise, land use and agricultural subsidies.The agricultural subsidies, loans and other forms of credits that are offered to the farming community is money paid to them at subsided rates in order to help them overcome the issues of rising maintenance   and production costs, supplement their incomes, and protection from inflations.For example, the United States Agricultural department, reviews its policies every two years and agrees to subsidize a dozed commodities every two years. Between the period of 1996 and 2002, an average of $16 billion/year credit was paid to the farmers at subsidized rates.According to the people who favor agriculture credit to farmers, t he credit policies and agricultural subsidies offer farmers extra income and market protection.It also helps the farmers to compete in the international market For example, in the year 2002, the United States paid an extra 52 cents for every bushel of wheat, and at the same time also promised a price of 3.86 from 2002–03 and 3.92 from 2004–2007.Experts who oppose these agricultural policies laid down by the government, argue that the farmers do not need such grants as they have already got a fair deal. They continue that there are equivalent risks in other business as in agriculture, so why is the farming community given more benefitsBACKGROUND –The main aim of this paper is to study the public policies towards the Agriculture credit and the future prospect of funds and other lending programs that can be available for the agricultural banks. It is believed that these federal policies related to agriculture credit can lend an important role in determining the sta nd of the different lenders in financing the agriculture sector.Credit has become a significant instrument of the agricultural policies and most of these policies with time have given guaranteed competitive loan rates on these funds, thereby giving a helping hand in the process of transformation of the agricultural sector into a highly modernized and capital efficient one.Most of the farmers are dependent upon the funds for their yearly production and also to own land and the figures show a substantial rise in the level of debts as the inflation rises.The paper gives an introduction to some of the policies and then reviews the prospects and the general credit conditions along with the role of Federal, involvement.Also discussed here is the ability of these funding institutions to fund the growing needs of the agriculture sector and how can these credit policies make a positive effect on the sector. These policies contribute heavily in the price determination of land prices and absor ption of farm ownership and production.The paper also discusses the altered arrangement and economic character of the agriculture sector which is proposed in order to reconsider the role of public agencies which offer credit to the farmers.INTRODUCTIONMost the recent agriculture credit programs actually originated after the First World War, when the incomes of the farming community were not stable and unsure.At that time lending money was not considered to be safe enough by both the farmers and the lenders as farming became a suspicious sector. With these developments, the farmers faced lot of problems in receiving funds and gave higher interest rates than other borrowers anywhere.Soon, the need of a Farm credit system was established which included the involvement of Federal Land Banks, Federal Intermediate credit Banks, Banks for cooperatives and other agencies related to the Farmers Home Administration which helped to greatly increase the flow of funds into the farmer community.A t almost the same time, many other programs and initiatives for the farmers to increase their income and reduce the risk in the farming sector by bringing about price stabilization and making farm lending more easy than before were brought about by the government.The easier terms and conditions on which the farmers were able to borrow money and could get finance for industrialization of their farms favored the reform to a highly productive and capital intensive farming sector.Today credits have become the backbone of the rise of the farming sector and major reasons that are behind the increase in the behavior of the farmers to borrow money are the uncomplicated funding issues, high production expenses, increase in land prices, machinery and the willingness to increase the size of their production capability.The high production expenses have decreased the funding capability of the farmers to utilize their own money.Within a span of 30 years, the debt of the farming sector had increas ed by an overwhelming figure of $13 billion in 1950 to an anticipated $158 billion on January 1980’s, along with the increase in the value of the farm assets of the farmers which had considerably doubled during that period.The farmers slowly become more sensitive to the changes and fluctuations that occurred in the cash flow, interest rates, and costs of debt service to them. This led to an increase in the borrowed funds by the farming community and decrease in the net farm incomes, thereby increasing the net debt burdens on the farmers.In a number of regions across the United Stated, which are located along the north and the western edges of the corn belt,   most of the commercial banking institutions, most interestingly the country banks have come through two years of a reasonably high loan-to -deposit ratios, which brought about a number of liquidity problems for the farmers at some point of time.In most of these districts the commercial banks and other funding instituti ons were not able to meet the growing needs of the farmers and thereby the interest rates grew by a phenomenal rate.It was estimated that the farm production expenses will rise by more than double the price and subsequently the funds that will be needed to satisfy this demand will grow by more than $250 billion in the coming 10 years as compared to a total expense of $140 billion during the 1980’s.According to these figures, it was estimated that the farming community will have to borrow most of the money and it was estimated that the farming debt would be around $700 billion by the end of the year 2000.At the same time, the asset value of the farmers will also increase to $3.5 trillion and the ratio between the debts to asset values will not rise higher than 17%.The increasing and prices, competition of the loan funds, farm prices, can all make it difficult for the farmers and especially those who have no other source of income to subsidize their farming needs. Looking at th is analysis of the trends, some reforms and agricultural policies were introduced.

The Alchemist Summary Part One

Mabel Medina July 1, 2012 English 513 Kelly Understand The Alchemist Summary In â€Å"Part One† of The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho, is so far about a boy named Santiago starting out his quest in the search of his Personal Legend. Santiago is a shepherd who likes to travel and enjoys being around his sheep. Although he travels all over, there was a certain village the shepherd boy enjoyed going to sell his sheep’s wool because he liked the merchant’s daughter.The author describes Santiago recall why he decided to become a shepherd and how his father helped him by giving him three gold coins to buy his flock of sheep. The boy was happy being a shepherd; he had his sheep, a jacket and book. One day, Santiago went to a Gypsy where he tells her about a recurrent dream he has had about finding treasure in the Egyptian pyramids. The Gypsy does not give him a lot of information about his dream, but does tell him that if he finds the treasure, to give her one-tenth.Later on that day, the boy is reading his book, when an old man came by him and tried to start a conversation. When the old man finally got the boy’s attention, he tells him he is the King of Salem, and how he can find the hidden treasure, but wants one-tenth of his sheep in return. The old man also tells the boy to not give up and to go forth and search for the treasure before it is too late and he gives up. The next day, Santiago met up with the old man and gives him one-tenth of his sheep.In return, the old man gave the boy advice that would be helpful throughout his journey, and two rocks, Urim and Thummim (one black meaning yes, and the other white, meaning no), to help him read omens better. Santiago began his journey and went to Africa. While in Africa, as the author describes, the boy feels insecure because of the language barrier, but quickly entrusts in a boy who speaks the same language as he and invites him along his journey. The two boys go into the plaza, and Santiagoâ €™s new friend is suddenly out of sight, with all of his money, and he later realizes that his â€Å"friend† has robbed him.The following day, the boy observes a candy seller, and as he is doing so, he realizes that he needs to have patience on his journey. A crystal merchant notices Santiago in the plaza and watches him. Santiago offers to clean his glass windows in exchange for food. As Santiago was working, two customers went in the shop, and the crystal merchant offers him a job, taking the customers as a good omen. The boy accepts, telling him that he will work for him until he has enough money to buy some sheep.

Carroway Clothing Essay Example for Free

Carroway Clothing Essay Re: Current accounting issues, employment benefits and financing options. Thank you for the opportunity to address the current accounting issues, employment benefits and financing options facing Carroway Clothing Limited (CCL) 1. SR& ED and Development costs treatment: In reviewing the financial statements it appears that the development costs and SR&ED treatment may not have been recorded appropriately. The SR&ED are tax credits to be used towards taxable income and should not have been recorded as government grants. Since CCL may not have needed them in the initial years, it can use SR&ED tax credits against taxable income in the future. It is necessary to identify all SR$ERD activities for proper recording practices so that the credits generated by the SR&ED can be used against future income. The $975,000 development costs can be expensed or capitalized depending on if the following criteria are met The project is technically feasible CCL intends of complete the project CCL has the ability to use or sell the product There is probability of future economic benefit will be generated Availability of adequate technical and financial recourses CCL has the ability to measure reliably the expenditures attribute to it. Since the Walton Work Wear line is in the production stage, its accumulated development costs should be capitalized. The Carroway Cool Top has not started it commercial production which would allow the development costs not to be amortized yet. Also interest costs on loans to generate financing for the R&D activates of a product can be capitalized rather than expensed. The capitalization of interest would allow CCL to reduce taxable income in the future when it is more profitable. I would recommend that CCL make the above changes immediately so that the financail statements are not incorrect. These changes would help CCL reduce its future taxable income when it may be more profitable. 2. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. CCL currently has no allowance for bad debts. Even though CCL does not have issue with uncollectible, having an allowance account will provide CCL with the ability to write off debts such as the disputed shipment. Without being able to write off the shipment, will leave the Accounts Receivables overstated, which in turn leads to misstated financial statements. Having an AFDA would allow CCL to record the sale but also recognise that they do not expect payment from the client. Leaving this account on the accounts receivable would be misleading to CCL’s stakeholders as it would lead them to believe that CCL is expecting to receive the cash in the near future. IF in the future, the dispute is resolved and the payment is received, CCL can recover the bad debt at that time. I would recommend that CCL create a policy regarding Accounts Receivables immediately. The method for determining the bad debt amount should be determined by CCL management. Methods such a percentage of sales or a percentage of Account Receivables can be used. Whichever method is chosen, it should be consistent from year to year and the amount should be reasonable. 3. Long Term Debt or Initial Public offering. CCL is currently looking at an initial public offering (IPO) and long term debt as two options to help finance the new research and development (R&D) of new products. The bank loan can provided financial stability but will have the interest repaid over a longer time is higher and would be tax deductible. Banks may require financial statements that are audited. CCL will need to be able to prove that it can repay the loan as well as the interest. It may also be required to maintain a debt to equity ratio that may prevent it from taking advantage of other opportunities in the future. An IPO offering has the potential to increase capital which would improve financial rations such as the debt to equity. The increased cash flow will help CCL pay it current payables and reduce debt by negotiating better interest rates in the future. The disadvantage to an IPO would be the potential to lose control over the company and having to be more accountable to other investors. The IPO would also require the financial statement and note disclosure to conform to more stringent requirements, which increase the cost of producing the financial statements. Financial statements will need to follow IFRS and securities regulators generally require 3 years of annual audited financials. It should also be noted that there is a significant cost to offering an IPO and it can be difficult to evaluate the stock price of the shares. I would recommend that CCL consider the IPO as a viable on to its financing issue as it will be more beneficial in the long term. The change from ASPE to IFRS will be a short term challenge but can be overcome with appropriate professional assistance. I would highly recommend that CCL seek the opinion and assistance of a professional who deals with IPO’s. CCL is considering providing employees stock options as a way to reward its employees. As a CCPC, CCL will have no tax consequence for the employees receiving the stock options until they dispose of the shares. The amount taxed as employment income in the year of disposal is the difference between the option price and the FMV of the shares at the time of the option was exercised. The employee may be able to claim a deduction from taxable income equal to half this amount if the shares were worth less than the exercise price when the option was issued or the employee hold the shares for at least two years before selling the shares. There are many alternatives to rewarding employees besides cash bonuses and stock options. Options can range from published recognition to merchandise such as shirts that the company makes. Time off with pay can also work to  motivate employees for hard work. I would recommend that CCL consider alternatives such as free products and time off as these will be less costly to provide than the stock options. Doing an employee survey would provide feedback to the rewards that the employees would value most. CCL is currently facing a pending lawsuit regarding a chemical leak and the non-compliance with environmental regulations. When both of the following conditions are met the amount of the contingent loss must be accrued. Disclosure will be need if the following conditions are met: The likely hood that the verdict will be against CCL A reasonable estimate of the amount o f the lawsuit can be made. The lawsuit may also lead customers and the public to believe that CCL acted negligently. This will reflect poorly on CCL and may lead to decreased sales and a damaged reputation If there is no accrual, there should be disclosure in the financial notes, stating the nature of the contingency, estimate of the amount or that an estimate cannot be made and exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued. If CCL does not disclose, it would be misleading to the financial statement user. I would recommend that CCL consult with their legal advisors immediately to determine the likelihood of a lawsuit and the potential liabilities. Also, CCL should be prepared to address the negative publicity that the lawsuit may create. Should you require further clarification on any matters, please do not hesitate to contact me. Carroway Clothing. (2016, Aug 16).

Community organization as public ministry Essay

Community organization as public ministry - Essay Example A lot of social injustices have been known to occur within the community.   This is mainly caused by those people who refuse to work within the fringes of the law and general principles that uphold the societal values.   For the community to be together, people must recognize that societal values should be encouraged and people brought under proximate grounds to heed these values. Communities that refuse to work together often fail to recognize the advantages these values. Like any other bodies formed to address matters, community organization is known to have both the advantageous and disadvantageous values.   The benefits of community organization include empowering the society by involving the people in a certain area to come together. This gives them the courage to address other injustice. When people come together in the society they have more strength to address a certain issue compared to people who do it individually. Community organization acts as a voice for the voice less in the society. Organizations have been known to develop to benefit the organization members, and other members of the society.   An organization may be developed to address the rights of the handicapped people. With this, they can fight for certain issues to be addressed these handicapped people are still considered as members of the society.Besides the above mentioned advantages, a person who joins a community organization can get the some benefits. One can widen his social and professional networks by meeting new people. One’s skills are set to grow by sharing their ability and the knowledge they have with others. When one joins a group, the main idea is to work to help other people. The disadvantages that may crop up in community organization are few but can be a major challenge in societal development. Community organizations have been known to bring up major conflict of interests. This can be seen in matters where some are for, while others are against a certain issue. A situation whereby people are for the legalization of abortion, and others are not, is a common example of this. Both of the organizations have good reasons but to bring them in level grounded reasoning is difficult. This often divides the society and weakens oneness. For unity to be achieved despite the presence of conflicting organizations, bodies and strategies that address their issues as the neutral party and foster understanding among them need to be adapted. It is only a society that supports one another that there could be mutual understanding and growth.7 Tools to harness social justice in churches Attaining social justice in a church can prove difficult if proper steps are not taken. There are tools

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Poetry - Essay Example This includes the season which is just as night starts in autumn, which is when the season of death, winter, starts. The short lines also make it seem as if there is not much left to waiting. The longest line is the first one, but its broken by the hard ‘b’ sounds. The other lines are very short, only three syllables each, and the last line is only two words. This makes it look like it’s coming to an end. 3(a) I think the meaning of the poem is that death waits for us all. A bird that usually symbolizes death is seen on a bare branch at the end of the living seasons and at the end of the day. I think this is how most people would interpret the poem. 3(b) The meaning of this poem is brought out through the poet’s use of literary devices such as alliteration, imagery and meter. Alliteration conveys the idea that something is about to stop and something else is about to happen. In the first line, the alliteration works on the repeated sound of the letter ‘b’ as in â€Å"bare branch.† This sound makes us come to a hard stop at the beginning of each word and makes us think of endings. This is reinforced by the imagery of the bare branch itself, which indicates life has stopped because all the leaves are gone. It is also reinforced by the meter of the poem because the line is so short. Alliteration is used in the second line to indicate that motion is about to start again with its rolling ‘r’ sounds as in â€Å"rook roosts.† Although the imagery includes a small bird finding a place to rest for the night, it also introduces a living animal into the scene which introduces motion, even if it is just the motion of breathing. This works with the meter to suggest the type of motion to be expected. The line is a full word and a syllable shorter than the first line, suggesting things slowing down. The bird roosts, which is to say that he is doing something. The bird is beginning to

Management Research Project; Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected Paper

Management Project; Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected - Research Paper Example The process that has been used in this particular research paper would be incorporated into the research study so as to identify the deficiencies of GOME electric company and ways to eliminate them from the system. The research topic that has been selected is an analysis on the hiring, recruitment and selection function of the GOME electric company in China. The topic is very advantageous from the point of view of reviewer and also from the perspective of organization. This research study would enable the organization that has been selected to improve its level of efficiency and even save the overall cost that is associated with the execution of business operations. The company occupies a large market shares in the retail industry of electronics in China and has also been able to enhance its distribution operation across other regions. The reviewer has a work experience in the selected organization and so the deficiency in hiring and selection process can be easily highlighted. The report structure would comprise of primarily a research objective and questions followed by conceptual foundation. The findings of the research would be based on focus group study and interviews with key personnel of the organization which would be supported by secondary data. The purpose of the research paper that has been selected for the particular research study has been to enhance the aspect of technology in all possible sectors. The research paper states that technology is a part of everyday lives and has a great importance in the human resource management. The concept of technology lessens the cost and at the same time even enables the job seekers to explore more opportunities in the least possible time. The research aim was to identify the various advantages as well as disadvantages of incorporating e-recruitment in the system. The rationale of the research paper is that the findings of this particular paper would be beneficial for other organization as well as job

The Cost-Benefit of Well Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Cost-Benefit of Well Employees - Essay Example Indeed, the recommendations are pertinent and plausible although some are quite difficult to get implemented. It is essential for strategic planners of a business enterprise to reduce its long run health care costs and per employee expenditures by ensuring hygienic, safe, nutritious and secure food stuff at canteens and organization’s cafeterias. Although, the short-run costs would be high since employers have to make huge investments and to subsidize these products to make them affordable for employees. Yet, it is worthwhile to mention that it would reduce total organizational health budgets and number of disease affected employees while simultaneously result in higher productivity and efficiency. However, workers suffering from inherited, sexually transmitted or other diseases (including Aids, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Brain Tumor, Kidney problem, diabetes etc) are excluded from this list as they need cure / medical treatment on regular basis. Firms can take a mandatory comprehensive medical test to prevent their entrance. The second recommendation would be quite useful as i t would help creating a safe and healthy working environment that would be beneficial for all employees. Quite unequivocally, addiction to detrimental smoking habit is attributable to aggressive persuasive advertising by Tobacco companies, which are inclined to reap benefits at the expense of others. It is impossible for addicts or occasional smokers (who are also workers) to completely get rid of Smoking. Similarly, companies may also not influence their employees to give up smoking even after conducting inter-organizational campaigns, personality development, training and health hazards programs. Hence, at least they could force workers to kick the habit outside the workplaces, thereby also hampering non0smokers from getting interested in Smoking. Without any doubt, Health is Wealth. A healthy, physically

New Physics and Chemistry Discovered at the CERN's Large Hadron Research Paper - 1

New Physics and Chemistry Discovered at the CERN's Large Hadron Collider - Research Paper Example ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC Apparatus, records measurements for the results of particle collisions. It tracks what particles are created and destroyed in a given collision, and the path of travel and energy for those particles (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: ATLAS†). They are both considered general-purpose detectors. The experiments were performed using them focus on the search for the Higgs boson and the substance known as dark matter (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: ATLAS†; â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: CMS†). Both pieces of equipment are needed in order to study the Higgs boson due to its extremely elusive nature. Mathematical and physical proof aa â€Å"light† Higgs boson would require the results of the experiments to agree on both pieces of equipment, and for each experiment to have consistent results across several experimental states each very different from one another (Froidevaux & Sphicas). CMS: Compact Muon Solenoid, has the same research goals as ATLAS, but it has different technical specifications to achieve those goals, especially with regard to the design of the magnet system within the equipment (â€Å"CERN - LHC Experiments: CMS†). The CMS has been designed to detect the presence of â€Å"missing† energy, which could indicate the presence of stable but weakly-interacting particles, such as energetic neutrinos. This missing energy occurs when the particle moves in the same direction as the beam pipe and so cannot be detected.

Individual Projct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Projct - Essay Example Style of management which needs to be applied to a particular organization depends upon various facts. The style of management should be selected according to the nature and size of the organization. The respective style of management should be able to solve all the problems faced by the organization and it should positively contribute for the overall growth and prosperity of the organization. Style of management selected for an organization should be able to handle all the departments, infrastructure and human resource of the organization. The appropriate style of management can increase the efficiency and performance of an organization to a good extent. ‘The right to strike’ is the most basic aspect of any style of management. The level to which the employees are able to strike and the extent to which they are capable of doing so are crucial factors as far as the success of the organization is concerned. The organization will be successful only if the work is coordinat ed and organized properly and if all the staff shows a cooperative mood. The work flow as well as the commitment of the employees depends upon the style of management that is implemented in that organization. Different organizations choose different styles of management. Scientific management is opted by certain organizations as their management strategy. Some other organizations go for human relations management. Scientific management is a particular type of approach to management and industrial organizational psychology. Scientific management is applicable in large manufacturing factories having complex production methods. This style of management talks about the advantages of division of labor. According to the theories of scientific management jobs should be assigned to people depending upon their talents and capabilities. It should be categorized and divided among the respective suitable staff. Scientific management explains the necessity of allocating

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay To simply define Human Resource Management (HRM), it is a management function that helps managers recruit, select, train and develop members for an organization. Obviously, HRM is concerned with the people’s dimension in organizations. When we say HRM of the organization, it is concerned with all the departments of it. In the marketing department, people consult products or services that lead to the sale. In the sales department, people sell products or give services to the customers. And also in finance, people manage and forecast the flow of money in the organization. All these functions cannot be accomplished without the help of the human resources and people are the ones that can make the organization achieve its objectives. And when the strategies come together with HRM, there comes Strategic Human Resource Management (strategic HRM or SHRM). It may be regarded as an approach to the management of human resources that provides a strategic framework to support long-term business goals and outcomes. The approach is concerned with longer-term people issues and macro-concerns about structure, quality, culture, values, commitment and matching resources to future need. First, according to Strategic Marketing Management by Wilson, Gilligan and Pearson, I would like to express the different levels within the organization that strategies must be developed. They are: * Corporate strategy, which deals with the allocation of resources among the various businesses or divisions of an organization. * Business strategy, which exists at the level of the individual business or division, dealing primarily with the question of competitive position. * Functional level strategy, that is limited to the actions of specific functions within specific businesses. The above strategies are set at the different levels to achieve a major or overall aim of the organization. The strategic approach addresses issues and needs relating to changes in structure and culture, organizational effectiveness and performance — matching human resources to future requirements, the development of distinctive capabilities and intellectual capital and the management of change. There are five functional areas identified by Bratton and Gold in forming the core of human resource management activities. Staffing: Obtaining people with appropriate skills, abilities, knowledge and experience to fill jobs in the work organization. This role encompasses human resource planning, job analysis, recruitment and selection. * Rewards: The design and administration of reward systems. This role includes job evaluation, performance appraisal and benefits. * Employee development: Analyzing training requirements to ensure that employees possess the knowledge and skills to perfo rm satisfactory in their jobs or to advance in the organization. Employee maintenance: The administration and monitoring of workplace safety, health and welfare policies to retain a competent workforce and comply with statutory standards and regulations. * Employee relations: Under this heading may be a range of employee involvement/ participation schemes in union or non-union workplaces. In a union environment, it also includes negotiations between management and union representatives over decisions affecting the employment contract. With the best HRM policies and practices, HRM strategy does more than drawing boundaries; it also recognizes and addresses peoples needs. The best HRM practices contribute the four outcomes as follow: * Competence: Employees are versatile in their skills and can take on new roles and jobs as needed and are better able to respond to changes in environmental demands. * Commitment: Enhance mutual trust and better communication between employees and managers. * Congruence: All stakeholders share a common purpose and collaborate in solving problems brought about by changes in environmental demands. * Cost effectiveness: HRM policies are cost-effective in terms of wages, benefits, turnover, absenteeism, strikes, and similar factors. Here is the example of â€Å"Starbucks† which is one of the best known and fastest growing companies in the world that invest a lot in human resources. Starbucks believed that the companys success and rapid growth could be attributed largely to its committed and motivated workforce. Consequently, the companys human resource policies reflected its commitment to its employees. Starbucks cared about its employees and was one of the few companies in the retail sector to provide generous benefits to both full time workers as well as part timers. This ensured that employees remained motivated, and Starbucks had a relatively low employee turnover. However, in the early 2000s, the company faced the challenge of finding and retaining the right number and kind of employees to man its future growth. Despite the fact that employees, especially those on the frontline, are critical to the success of retail businesses, most companies do not have a strong relationship with their employees, and consequently suffer from a high rate of employee turnover (In the early 2000s, employee turnover in the retail industry was around 200 percent). In this scenario, Starbucks stood out for its employee-friendly policies and supportive work culture. The company was especially noted for the extension of its benefits program to part-time workers something that not many other companies offered. They are offered health and dental coverage, vision care, life and disability insurance, paid time off, a retirement savings plan, stock options and a discounted stock purchase plan, adoption assistance, domestic partner benefits, emergency financial aid and a free pound of coffee every week. As a result, Starbucks employees were among the most productive in the industry and the company had a relatively low employee turnover. The above example proves that HRM is the crucial source of competitive advantage to be a successful organization in the business environment. Thus, as I have discussed so far, you may have some ideas about Human Resource Management and notice how much it is important for an organization. Reference 1. Aswathappa, K. Human Resource and Personnel Management (Fourth Edition ed. ), (pg. 5) 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Starbucks. (2013, January 17 Thursday). Retrieved from en. wikipedia. org. 3. http://www. hrtutorials. com/cs-model-evaluating-human-resources/. (2013, January 17 Thursday). Retrieved from www. hrtutorials. com. 4. http://www. icmrindia. org/casestudies/catalogue/Human%20Resource%20and%20Organization%20Behavior/HROB068. htm. (2013, January 15 Tuesday). Retrieved from www. icmrindia. org. 5. http://www. mainstreet. com/article/career/employment/4-employers-great-part-time-benefits. (2013, January 17 Thursday). Retrieved from www. mainstreet. com. 6. Manual, ABE Study, Strategic Human Resource Management, (pg. 4,5)

Lg Group Developing Tomorrows Global Leaders Management Essay

Lg Group Developing Tomorrows Global Leaders Management Essay Based on the basic management philosophy of: Competition from a global perspective Pursuit of best value for customer, employees and shareholders Become the worlds best business group through management by principle And contribute to social development as a good corporate citizen, Bon Moo Koo as a chairman of the LG Group, one of the three largest Korean chaebols, announced LEAP 2005 as vision of the future. It has a goal of increasing revenue to US$380 billion by 2005 with 50% coming from international sales. Leap 2005 centered on employees and this new vision would lead LG to develop the most rewarding workplace for employees. Mr. Y.K. Kim as the head of the LG Human Resource (HR) team was charged with the task of identifying and developing high potential individual and the global leaders that LG would need in the future. He worked closely with Dr. Michael Lee, Managing director of LG Academy (LGA). They estimated that LG would need approximately 1,400 new global leaders by 2005 with about half would be Korean and the rest would be non-Korean. By 1987, LG had businesses and industries in chemicals, communications, energy, electronics, finance, insurance, machinery, metals, sports and trade. Even though LG was strong in Korea, it was not an international technology or quality leader in any of its business segments, especially relative to world-class foreign competitors. A new corporate identity program was launched in 1995, Lucky-Goldstar Group officially changed its name to the LG Group. The logo was designed to symbolize five key concepts: The world, The Future, Youth, Humans and Technology. Top management and HR team needed to create global working environments that include both Korean and non-Korean leaders in order to achieve the objectives of Leap 2005. Strategic analysis using 7s framework Strategy: Low cost strategy (1947 1987) Focused on competing through low cost manufacturing but also strongly emphasized high production volumes Under pricing competitors with products of acceptable, although not superior, quality It established Lucky-Goldstar brand as a low cost and acceptable quality products manufacturer Value strategy (1987 1995) Korean consumers were increasingly aware of and demanding higher quality products because of the standard of living increased the ability to afford higher quality products and services Korean government began to relax trade barriers that made it easier for foreign companies to compete with LG in Korea The cost competitiveness of Korean began to slip Strategic orientation of LEAP 2005 Focused on strategic markets that expected with economic growth and size, also the extent of business opportunity in that market Technological revolution through innovation to be produced faster or more cost efficiently Investment for the greatest possible return Customer satisfaction as a key measure of success Structure: Centralized decision making and a top-down management process In 1987, LGs various affiliated companies were divided into 21Cultural Units consists of multiple Strategic Business Unit (SBUs) Systems: Departments were separated and sequentially handing off projects from product research to product design to engineering to manufacturing to marketing to sales Managers had to develop a new perspective on time based competition thus speed had to be a central value that permeated the groups culture Shared Values: Focused on valuing employees and contributing to social development through good corporate citizenship In 1987, focused on creating customer value Valuable components from old culture: stability, harmony and respect Established and reinforce four new cultural elements: challenge, speed, simplicity and boundarylessness Style: In 1980s, the new management approach management by self-control for greater decision making autonomy Cultural value of respect, translated into a top down management style and emphasis on hierarchy Leap 2005 required LG to change course to a global setting, leadership development emerged as one of the biggest challenges Staff: Managers focused on producing high volumes and getting per unit as low as possible rather than finding out what customer wanted, developing high quality products or expanding marketing capabilities. SBU heads were given full profit and loss responsibility for their units Within SBUs, middle managers were charged with reviewing and reengineering business processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness Cultural Unit presidents focused on integration and coordination across SBUs Need more global leaders because LG had a domestic orientation in the past included both Korean and non-Korean People from different disciplines and geographies increasingly needed to work together to analyze problems and figure out solutions Skills: Many managers were lack experience with decision autonomy Need hundred of world class managers to achieve its target with more sophisticated knowledge in finance Recommendations: Characteristics of the human organization that would help LG achieve Chairman Koos LEAP2005 vision of the future First, HR should be held responsible for defining an organizational structure. It should identify the model of the companys way of doing business. The well known 7s framework distinguishes seven components in a companys architecture. LG Human resources Team should also used a change model to guide a transformation process at the company began by asking Who, Why, What and How. This model helps an organization identify the key success factors for change and assess the organizations strengths and weaknesses regarding each factor. As change agent, HR professionals do not themselves execute change, but they make sure that it is carried out. The hardest and most important challenge facing LG in that era was changing their culture. In helping to bring about a new culture, HR must follow a four steps process: It must define and clarify the concept of culture change It must articulate why culture change is central to business success It must define a process for assessing the current culture and the desired new culture, as well as for measuring the gap between the two It must identify alternative approaches to creating culture change HR strategies, policies, programs or practices translating the Chairmans vision into reality Key needed capabilities of LGs future global leaders Managers had to change their mindset from flawlessly executing orders to determining strategic direction Managers are required to have a clear idea of what customer needs, values and preferences World class managers that have capabilities for success and growth strategies LG needed a cadre of managers with more sophisticated knowledge of finance To challenge and think differently and to come up with breakthrough innovations Globalization: they must be more literate in the ways of international customers, commerce, and competition than ever before therefore LG should increase their ability to learn and collaborate and to manage diversity, complexity and ambiguity. Profitability through growth: they must also become more focus, more in touch with the fast changing and disparate needs of their customers. Technology: the challenge for managers is to make sense and good use of what technology offers. They will need to figure out how to make technology a viable, productive part of the work setting. Intellectual Capital: The challenge for organizations is making sure they have the capability to find, assimilate, develop, compensate and retain such talented individuals. Change, change and more change: LG must be able to learn rapidly and continuosly, innovate ceaselessly, and take on new strategic imperatives faster and more comfortably How to identify, attract, select and hire, train and develop, motivate, appraise and reward to perform at peak level, and retain the global leaders with the needed competencies and capabilities? The establishment of a development strategy is an important first step in the recruiting process. The second is achieving a fit between it and the rewards that an organization offers. A good fit must exist in in order to attract and motivate effective performance. The issue that needs to be considered when recruiting individuals relates to their motivation to perform. Attracting and recruiting the right talent is a critical part of managing human capital and an integral element of the designing process in organizations. Companies are starting to evaluate their employees not only by objectives but also by the competencies they develop. One possible procedure is what is known as the balanced scorecard. Under this procedure indices of competencies are added to indices of results, and a weighted average is calculated to obtain a final index, which tends to be tied to variable pay. Every company must decide what competencies it needs to develop in its managers in order to achieve its specific goals. The competency profile it chooses is a clear and precise expression of the culture it wants to promote, and can therefore be used as a tool for cultural change. Core competence of the corporation Collective learning in the organization, especially how to coordinate diverse production skills and integrate multiple streams of technologies Harmonizing streams of technology, organizing work, and delivering value Complex harmonization of individual technologies and production skills Could the team take the same approach with the Korean and non-Korean managers? Yes, as long as managers have some strategic competency as follows: business vision, problem solving, resources management, customer orientation, effective networking and negotiation. And also leadership capacity with following basic competencies: communication, organization, empathy, delegation, coaching and teamwork. Questions: What do you consider as the desired characteristics of the human organization that would help LG achieve Chairman Koos LEAP2005 vision of the future? If you were a member of Mr. Y.K Kims LG Human Resources Team, what HR strategies, policies, programs or practices would you recommend to translate the Chairmans vision into reality? What were the key needed capabilities of LGs future global leaders? How would you identify, attract, select and hire, train and develop, motivate, appraise and reward to perform at peak level, and retain the global leaders with the needed competencies and capabilities? Could the team take the same approach with the Korean and non-Korean managers?

Weber vs. Marx Essay -- essays research papers

Weber destabilizes the relationship between base and superstructure that Marx had established. According to Weber, the concept of historical materialism is naà ¯ve and nonsense because superstructures are not mere reflections of the economic base. (â€Å"The Protestant Ethic† and â€Å"The Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5) Weber agrees that the economy is one of the most faithful forces in modern life. However there are other social and legal factors which exhibit power and thus influence society. These factors help define bureaucratic society or Weber’s concept of modern society which operates through the rational administration of labor. According to Weber, the condition of modern society is disenchantment, which, through rationalization (division of labor), worldly activity is no longer motivated by cultural or spiritual values (meaning) but is instead motivated by economic impulsion. Ironically though, Weber attributes religious aestheticism (meaning) to the root of rationalization, and once mechanism (capitalism) takes off on its own, that religious root is no longer needed to justify work. Thus, mechanized petrification emerges, leaving hardly any room for spontaneity, with a few exceptions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In establishing a definition of modern society, Weber, unlike Marx, acknowledges that certain ideas can have great influence on material conditions. He suggests a more complex, dynamic relationship between economy and superstructure. Human activity is motivated by reasons other than just capitalist consumption. For example, many people act based on meaning, such as religious or spiritual. Values shape how people live. Weber accuses Marx of being an economic determinist for believing that the mode of production is the only force that moves the base. Weber believes that social and legal factors such as status, class, party, and the division of social honor from economic order in addition to the eco nomy influence modern society, which, according to Weber, is a bureaucracy organized through the rational administration of labor. Weber believes that human history has been the progressive rationalization of life (modernity). The increased rationalism (measuring/controlling the labor process, ie: assembly line) based on logic and calculations instead of traditions, heart, and feeling of modernity le... ... be used to promote one’s status. An influential politician, for example, has a lot of power not because he has money, but because his decisions impact society at large and play a very important role in governing the lives of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weber notes that although bureaucratic rationalization has disenchanted the world and its endurance seems inevitable, the spirit has not been completely eradicated. Weber believes that as an advanced society we cannot escape the pattern of rational rules and laws. However, he allows for the arrival of prophets or charismatic people from time to time, those who exhibit good rational administration skills as well as heart and passion. While offering no clear solution, Weber leaves us with an optimistic hope fo r the future and inspiration, perhaps, to emulate those extraordinary leaders of our time.

Lindsay Lohan Essay -- Biography

Lindsay Lohan was born on July 2, 1986. She is the oldest of 4 kids and her parents are divorced. Her dad was not very much a part of her life growing up and to this day she does not have anything to do with him. Lohan was a rising child star who started her acting career at the age of three. She starred in many commercials before showcasing her fabulous acting ability when she appeared in the remake of Parent Trap in 1998. She took a little time off after this showcase to be a â€Å"normal† child. After dropping out of high school, she had a few bigger screen acting jobs and some extra shots in daytime television (Current Biography, 2005). Lohan had a desire to make sure she set a good image because she knew the audience in which she was most desired by was the younger â€Å"tween† crowd. Also, her younger sister looked up to her so Lohan wanted to make sure she was setting a good example; all while she wanted to be normal and not set off a fake image (Current Biography, 2005). Lindsay Lohan has had a lot of attention from her drinking and driving issues and her party lifestyle. Many people will focus on those things, but what is the underlying cause? From a Psychodynamic perspective, Lohan’s addiction to drugs and alcohol stem all the way back to childhood. Lohan had both parents, mother Dina Lohan and father Michael Lohan. Dina Lohan was very present in Lindsay’s young life and is still very much a part of her life now. Michael on the other hand was very absent. Although he was able to give his family a life of comfort from selling a profitable pasta business, he was very consumed by his position on Wall Street (Current Biography, 2005). Lohan has been dealing with â€Å"deep rooted issues with her father† stated a member of her inner c... ...take to really work through her problems. She also does not have a very stable support group to keep her grounded so she may end up falling off because they do not help to support her. She may also not want to leave the party scene so this may be a big struggle. She has the need to be around people, which in turn gets filled by the party scene. This would be hard for her to fill that need if she did not go out. On another note, these treatments would be highly successful if she actually participated. If she was truly committed to getting better and she fully participated in the therapy and stopped going to areas in which stimulated her substance abuse problem, she would be fine in life. She may need continual therapy and support, but she would become the successful actress she has so long desired to be; and the community has so long desired for her to be also. Lindsay Lohan Essay -- Biography Lindsay Lohan was born on July 2, 1986. She is the oldest of 4 kids and her parents are divorced. Her dad was not very much a part of her life growing up and to this day she does not have anything to do with him. Lohan was a rising child star who started her acting career at the age of three. She starred in many commercials before showcasing her fabulous acting ability when she appeared in the remake of Parent Trap in 1998. She took a little time off after this showcase to be a â€Å"normal† child. After dropping out of high school, she had a few bigger screen acting jobs and some extra shots in daytime television (Current Biography, 2005). Lohan had a desire to make sure she set a good image because she knew the audience in which she was most desired by was the younger â€Å"tween† crowd. Also, her younger sister looked up to her so Lohan wanted to make sure she was setting a good example; all while she wanted to be normal and not set off a fake image (Current Biography, 2005). Lindsay Lohan has had a lot of attention from her drinking and driving issues and her party lifestyle. Many people will focus on those things, but what is the underlying cause? From a Psychodynamic perspective, Lohan’s addiction to drugs and alcohol stem all the way back to childhood. Lohan had both parents, mother Dina Lohan and father Michael Lohan. Dina Lohan was very present in Lindsay’s young life and is still very much a part of her life now. Michael on the other hand was very absent. Although he was able to give his family a life of comfort from selling a profitable pasta business, he was very consumed by his position on Wall Street (Current Biography, 2005). Lohan has been dealing with â€Å"deep rooted issues with her father† stated a member of her inner c... ...take to really work through her problems. She also does not have a very stable support group to keep her grounded so she may end up falling off because they do not help to support her. She may also not want to leave the party scene so this may be a big struggle. She has the need to be around people, which in turn gets filled by the party scene. This would be hard for her to fill that need if she did not go out. On another note, these treatments would be highly successful if she actually participated. If she was truly committed to getting better and she fully participated in the therapy and stopped going to areas in which stimulated her substance abuse problem, she would be fine in life. She may need continual therapy and support, but she would become the successful actress she has so long desired to be; and the community has so long desired for her to be also.

Acid Rain :: Acid Rain Environmental Nature Essays

Acid Rain Acid rain has become an environmental concern of global importance within the last decade. With the increasing environmental awareness of the "unhealthy" condition of our planet earth the concern about acid rain has not lessened. In brief, acid rain is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. When dealing with acid rain one must study and understand the process of making Sulfuric acid. In this project we will take an in depth look into the production of sulfuric acid, some of its uses and the effects of it as a pollutant in our environment. Sulfuric Acid Industry in Ontario Among the many plants in Ontario where sulfuric acid is produced, there are three major plant locations that should be noted on account of their greater size. These are: Inco. - Sudbury Noranda Mines Ltd. - Welland Sulfide - Ontario There are a number of factors which govern the location of each manufacturing plant. Some of these factors that have to be considered when deciding the location of a Sulfuric Acid plant are: a. Whether there is ready access to raw materials; b. Whether the location is close to major transportation routes; c. Whether there is a suitable work force in the area for plant construction and operation; d. Whether there is sufficient energy resources readily available; e. Whether or not the chemical plant can carry out its operation without any unacceptable damage to the environment. Listed above are the basic deciding factors that govern the location of a plant. The following will explain in greater detail why these factors should be considered. 1) Raw Materials The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are involved in the production of sulfuric acid such as sulfur, lead, copper, zinc sulfides, etc.. 2) Transportation A manufacturer must consider proximity to transpor-tation routes and the location of both the source of raw materials and the market for the product. The raw materials have to be transported to the plant, and the final product must be transported to the customer or distributor. Economic pros and cons must also be thought about. For example, must sulfuric plants are located near the market because it costs more to transport sulfuric acid than the main raw materials, sulfur. Elaborate commission proof container are required for the transportation of sulfuric acid while sulfur can be much more easily transported by truck or railway car. 3) Human Resources For a sulfuric acid plant to operate, a large work force will obviously be required.

Economic Factors Essay

The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) or The Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is defined as the gross total market value of all the final . products (goods and services) produced by a country in a given period of time more specifically a calendar year. Gross Domestic Products can also be considered as the sum of all value added at every stage of production of all the final goods and services produced in a country and are always given a money value(kuznets,1932) Since the GDP is a measure of national income and output it is always equal to the total government spending, the total consumer spending and the total investments in a country. It can be calculated using the formula below; Gross Domestic Product= Total Consumption +Gross Investment + Government Spending+ (Exports – Imports) or it ca n be as GDP=C+I+G(X-M) Inflation can be described as the general rise in the level of prices of goods and services in a country over a specific period of time. It is the rise in prices of all goods and services and a rise in the price of one good or service cannot be referred to as inflation. Inflation mostly involves the decrease in value of a countries currency, and measured as a percentage rate of change of prices. This is mostly caused by high rates of money supply in a country without significant increase in the economy. (Kuzneta,1932) There are different factors in a country that are blamed for high rates of inflation in the product markets, these factors sometimes vary from markets to markets and from country to country. The factors are mostly determined and controlled by the level of a country’s performance in the international stock markets and money markets. The factors are as fluctuations in the real demand for goods and services or scarcity of goods and services and sometimes the change in the supply or the real demand for money. These two factors have brought a lot of controversies among the monetarists and Keynesians. The inflation in a country can be easily determined by measuring the different price indices and analyzing how these affects different people, these indices are the consumer price index which is used to measure individual consumer prices and the GDP deflator which measures the price associated with domestic production of goods and services. (kuznets,1932) History and records made shows that the United States has never seriously recorded high level of inflation, as it was in the 1970’s. This was recorded; inflation of the 1970’s was a marked deviation from America’s typical peacetime historical pattern as a hard-money country. We should expect America to continue to be a hard-money–low inflation–country in the future, at least in peacetime. (http://www. j-bradford-delong. net/Econ_Articles/woodstock/woodstock4. html ) The low rate of future inflation that we thus forecast changes the balance of macroeconomic risks and opportunities, the risk of debt-deflation-mediated recessions is somewhat higher because a low trend rate of goods-and-services price index inflation somewhat increases the chances of deflation. But it does not raise such risks as much as one might think. The failure of the Fisher effect to hold empirically means that a low inflation era will in all likelihood is a high real interest rate era. But such high real interest rates do not appear to significantly discourage investment or growth. The burst of inflation that struck the United States in the 1970s shapes much American thought about macroeconomic policy. The decade of the 1970s saw GDP-deflator inflation rates peak at nearly ten percent per year. It saw consumer price inflation rates peak at three or four percent higher. ( Because of the inflation experiences America has had a long war and strong policies to significantly inflation and to increase the GDP, this has been because hampered in the last five years, this has been because of the Iraq invasion five years ago, in economic terms, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan now cost $275 million each and every day. Nearly half a trillion dollars has been spent so far. That’s $4,100 for every household in America. According to a recent Congressional Research Service (CRS) report, the average monthly cost reached $10. 3 billion in 2007, up from $4. 4 billion in 2004. By the end of 2009, the cost of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars could reach $1 trillion. ( http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) The cost of the war even in a country as wealthy as the United States cannot endure this drain forever. Every dollar spent on the war is a dollar not spent here at home on health care, education, affordable housing, jobs, or repairing the country’s decaying infrastructure. The effects of the war are directly felt here at home. And this is during a so-called economic boom. The war has had a big effect on the US economy(http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) The official declaration that the country has entered a recession usually doesn’t come until months after it actually begins, as the analysts from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) look back over the facts and figures. But top economists from major Wall Street firms such as Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs think a tipping point into recession has already been reached. Even the number of unemployment rose sharply in December 2007 to 5. 0 percent, up from the cyclical low of 4. 4 percent in March. Also, the economy slowed dramatically in the fourth quarter of 2007, growing by just 0. 6 percent, with total growth for the year at just 2. 2 percent, the worst figure since 2002. Never in the last 60 years has such a sharp rise in unemployment, combined with such low growth, not led to a recession. (http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) The housing and credit crisis has begun to spread to the broader economy. Defaults for adjustable rate loans issued in 2007 hit 11. 2 percent in November. This is twice the default rate for 2006. Most worrying is that none of these loans had yet â€Å"re-set† to the higher rate. This represents some 300,000 households, yet more people who will almost certainly lose their homes as a result of this crisis. Spending on new housing projects fell in 2007 by 16. 9 percent, the worst fall in 25 years. And as reported by Reuters, the services sector, which accounts for over two-thirds of U. S. economic activity, fell sharply in January, to levels not seen since the 2001 recession. The Reuters/University of Michigan index of consumer sentiment fell to 69. 6 in February from 78. 4 in January, the lowest reading since February 1992. The index has only been this low during the recessions of the mid 1970s, the early 1980s and the early 1990s. The Institute for Supply Management’s index for the non-manufacturing sector plummeted to 41. 9 from 54. 4 in December: a reading below 50 indicates contraction. The employment index fell to 43. 9 from 51. 8, corroborating the late January U. S. payrolls report, which showed the first net monthly contraction in the labor market in more than four years. While it is impossible to say exactly when or how deep or how long the slump will come, it already feels like it to millions of American workers (. http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) This has already led to decreasing government revenues, and still Bush proposes a budget that tops $3 trillion for the first time in U. S. history. By Bush’s own estimates, it will lead to deficits of $410 billion in 2008 and $407 billion in 2009, bringing the overall Federal deficit to $5. 9 trillion, up from $3. 3 trillion when he took office. $2. 3 trillion of this debt is held by foreign banks and investors. ( http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) The proposed American Budget would dramatically increase spending on the military and military aid to â€Å"key allies† around the world, in other words, countries that are actively repressing their own people to defend U. S. corporate interests. To pay for all of this, the government will have to further cut already depleted domestic programs such as Medicare and abolishing dozens of other social services programs. ( http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm ) Not surprisingly, the budget allocates $515 billion to the Defense Department, not including a separate request for billions more for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Adjusted for inflation, this will be the largest military budget since World War II. This is a true â€Å"guns before butter† budget, an open declaration of increased militarism abroad and a further relentless attack on workers here at home. The American ruling class will expect more of the same ruthless cuts from the next Republican or Democrat to sit in the Oval Office. ( http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) During such hard times for and at appoint in history that America is high in politics and this being an election year there are many people looking for an electoral solution to the serious and growing problems they face. While the Iraq War is still high on voters’ lists of concerns, the economy is now number one for voters of both main parties. Many youth in particular are looking to the Democrats, and especially to Barrack Obama. The Republicans’ almost-certain candidate John McCain has staked his entire political future on continuing the war in Iraq. But do the Democrats’ candidates offer anything even closely approximating the majority of Americans’ demand to bring the troops home now? (http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm) It is at this point in time that we live the whole life and the economic future of America in the sound political policies that will be fronted by the candidates. We believe we can change America. REFFERENCES Bradford DeLong and Etal (1999), America’s Historical Experience with Low Inflation http://www. j-bradford-delong. net/Econ_Articles/woodstock/woodstock4. html http://www. marxist. com/usa/war-economy-elections. htm retrieved on the 2nd June 2008 Kuznets Simon, (1934). â€Å"National Income, 1929-1932†. 73rd US Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124, page 7. http://library. bea. gov/u? /NI_reports,539

A Beautiful Home

They say a house is not a home until it is filled with the laughter and noise of the family living in it. The house I grew up in was just a simple wooden house. It had all the basics that made it a house such as the rooms and furniture. I remember that my favorite room in the house was the kitchen.The kitchen for me is what made my family house a beautiful home. I remember how the kitchen always smelled of a mixture of brewed coffee and bacon first thing in the morning. I did not need an alarm clock during those summer months out of school.The freshly cooked bacon and smell of hot bread coming out of the oven always got everyone out of bed early. I would always be the first of my siblings in the kitchen, ready and willing to set the breakfast table. As the family sat gathered around to eat, we would tell stories about how we planned to spend the day.After the meal, our father would line us up by the door before he left and give us our candy money for the day. He was a kind man my fat her. He always smelled like soap and coffee even hours after the meal.My house is a beautiful home. It has everything that is expected. I have a loving father, a responsible mother, and siblings who I continue to grow with to adulthood. What more can I ask for?Questions and Answers:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What was your dominant impression?The dominant impression I wanted to capture in this paper is the early memory of my childhood and those simple times when my family shared everything we did together. I also wanted to give the reader a vivid description of how my family was and the simple joys we shared like having an early morning breakfast.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weakness in my assignment?I wish I had a higher allowable word count so that I could be more descriptive and further enhance the use of the 5 senses of my reader as my narration progresses. I also think that I have a problem in the subject verb agreement in a portion of the essay.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strengths in my assi gnment I am proud of?I am proud of the way I was able to relate a simple childhood experience and enhance it into a wonderful memory of the home I grew up in for whoever might read my essay.   

Water and Acetic Acid

Do the following problems in your lab notebook. Be sure to specify the knowns & unknowns, the formulas used, show your work with labeled units and round you’re answers to the appropriate significant figures. 15-1 Molarity Problems: (M = moles/ liter ) 1. What is the molar concentration of a 415 ml solution containing 0. 745 moles of HCl? (A: 1. 80 M HCl) 2. What is the molar concentration of an acetic acid (CH3COOH) solution containing 3. 21 moles in 4. 50 liters? (A: 0. 713 M) 3. How many moles of KI are present in 125 ml of 0. 500 M KI? (A: 0. 0625 mol KI) 4. How many moles of ammonia (NH3) are present in . 360 L of 2. 3 M NH3 solution in water? (A: 0. 767 mol NH3) 5. How many liters of water are required to prepare a solution of 7. 25 M MgCl2 from 4. 89 moles of MgCl2? (A: 0. 674 L) 6. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by adding 58. 5 g of NaCl to 230 ml of H2O?(A: 4. 3 M NaCl) 7. What is the molarity of a KNO3 solution prepared by adding 151. 5g of KNO3 to 300ml of H2O? (A: 5. 00 M KNO3) 8. How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 2. 0 liters of 2. 5 M NaOH solution in water? (A: 200g NaOH) 9. What is the molarity of a soltuion prepared by dissolving 5. 68 g of NaOH in enough water to make 400. ml of solution? (A: 0. 55M) 10. If a 2. 34 g sample of dry ice, CO2, is dropped into a sealed 500 ml bottle of orange cool aid, and the CO2 gas released dissolves virtually completely in the cool-aid, what is the approximate concentration of CO2 in the now carbonated cool aid? (A: 0. 1 M) 11. How many grams of HCl are required to prepare 250 ml of a 0. 158M solution? (A: 1. 5g) 12. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. What is the molarity of the solution produced when 125g of acetic acid (C2H4O2) is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 1. 50 L of solution? (A: 1. 39M)13. How many grams of bromine, Br2, are needed to prepare 0. 500 L of a 0. 100M solution in water? (A: 0. 799g) Lab Prep: Calculate the number of grams of Ni(NO3)2*6H2O requir ed to mix up 50. 0 ml of 0. 40 M. (Hint: The gram formula mass of Ni(NO3)2*6H2O is ) 15-2 Dilution Problems: M1V1 = M2V2, V2 is the TOTAL volume after dilution) 1. What is the molarity of the new solution when 500 ml of H20 are added to 500 ml of 1. 0M HNO3? (A: 0. 5 M HNO3) 2. What is the molarity of the new solution when 200 ml of 10. 5M HCl is diluted with water to a total of 1 liter? (A: 2. 1 M HCl) 3. If you want to mix up a total volume of 2. 0 L of 3. 5 M NaCl, what volume of 5. 0 M NaCl should you start with? A: 1. 4 L)4. A 52ml of sodium cyanide poison leaked from a bottle into a bucket of water that originally contained 427 ml of water. The concentration of poison in the bucket was found to be 0. 85 M after the leak. What must be the concentration of the poison in the leaky bottle? (A: 7. 8M) 5. How much water will one need to add to dilute 100 ml of 10 % SDS to 1 % SDS? (A: 900 ml H2O) 6. 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How the Concentration Affects the Rate of the Reaction

Title Page Number Diagram of Apparatus Introduction Risk Assessment ` Table of Results Line of Best Fit Graph Error Bars Graph Gradients Graph Analysis †¢ Error Bars Analysis Evaluation †¢ Improvement Assessment †¢ Improved Experiment. †¢ Reliability References Introduction: For this data analysis project, I conducted and experiment to investigate how the concentration of an acid affects the rate of the reaction.I have set up the experiment’s equipment as shown on figure 1. As you can see by figure 1, I have used the reaction between sodium thisoulphate solution and hydrochloric acid (HCL) to come up with results that will help me draw conclusions regarding the effects of the concentration of the acid. I decided to use this particular reaction due to the fact that the product of the reaction between sodium thisoulphate and hydrochloric acid (HCL) is precipitates of sulphur which tend to turn the solution cloudy.As a result, the cross beneath the conical fla sk (see figure 1) would disappear/ become difficult to be seen when the reaction has taken place. Therefore, the idea is that 50 cm? of sodium thisoulphate are made to react with 5 cm? of hydrochloric acid that is of different concentration each time. The concentrations of hydrochloric acid used varied from 0. 1 to 5 moles. Afterwards, the cross is observed through the top of the conical flask until it because invisible. The time of which this happens is then recorded and monitored using a stopwatch.The symbol equation of this reaction is as follows: The above symbol equation shows the reaction: Sodium thisoulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, water, precipitate of sulphur as well as sulphur dioxide. The results that I recorded from this experiment were poor. This is because they were not entirely accurate and did not make sense. As a result, my teacher gave me a different set of results that were recorded at different temperatures to analyse and help me wr ite up.The table of results (table 2), shows the results obtained at 3 different trials of the same experiment. The reason behind repeating the experiment 3 times is to ensure that the result’s reliability is of a satisfactory level. After the experiment was conducted, I looked back at the equipment I used as well as the steps I carried out during the process. I did so to recognize the risks associated with carrying out such experiments. To prevent or minimize such risks in future experiments, I conducted a risk assessment that is shown on the following page: Risk Assessment Risk |Damage |Prevention Method | |Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) |Hydrochloric acid is corrosive. |Eye protection must be worn at all times during | | |Therefore it can damage skin. |the experiment. | | |It can also damage eyes. |Ensure it does not come into contact with skin | | | |and if it does rinse thoroughly. |Conical Flask (glass) |Can roll down the bench |Make sure apparatus made of glass are not | | |B roken glass can cut/damage skin. |chipped. | | | |Wear gloves if possible | | | |Be careful when handling glass. | | | | | | | | |Sodium Thisoulphate |Inhalation may cause irritation and coughing. |Avoid contact with eyes and skin. | | |Skin and eye contact might cause irritation and |Do not inhale on purpose. | |damage | | |Paper |1. A risk of a paper cut is possible. |1. Careful while handling paper and if paper cut| | | |occurs rinse and do not come in contact with | | | |hydrochloric acid. Risk Assessment (Table 2) Analysis: Outliers: Table 2 summarises the results of this experiment. As you can see, a couple of outliers have occurred during the experiment. I decided that a difference of more than 30 seconds between a result and the others obtained from repeating the same experiment indicates that this result is an outlier. Therefore the two outliers are ringed on table 2, so that they are made clear. For instance, the results recorded for the third experiment using 0. 1 moles c oncentrated hydrochloric acid is 583 seconds.This is clearly an outlier due to the fact that the other results are 683 and 626 seconds, making the result of 583 seconds clearly distant and therefore is classed as an anomaly. Another outlier that has occurred is the result for the 3rd trial using 4. 0 moles hydrochloric acid. Here the outlier is 132 seconds, while the other trials show results that vary from 160 to 165 seconds. Graph Analysis: The first graph (figure 2) states the averages of the recordings. I have used a line of best fit on this graph to identify the trends between the results.Firstly, the graph shows overall that the experiment has gone as expected. This is because it looks very similar to the graph in the chemistry text book as well as ones found on the internet. The general trend that is shown by this experiment (as seen on figure 2) is that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increase, the rate of the reaction also increases, as the reaction takes less time to take place. Therefore, the experiment shows that the concentration of the acid is directly proportional to the rate of the reaction. From 0. to 0. 5 Moles: As you can see by figure 2, when 0. 1 moles of hydrochloric acid were used, the reaction was at its slowest, taking 656 seconds to take place. From 0. 1 to 0. 5 moles, the rate of the reaction increased significantly with the reaction only taking around half the time: 379 seconds to take place. At the start, the line of best fit has a gradient of 0. 000152 moles per second (m/s). I worked this out using the equation x/y = 0. 1/656 = 0. 000152 m/s. At 0. 5 moles, the gradient of the graph increases rapidly to 0. 00132 m/s.This calculation reinforces that the reaction is at its slowest at the beginning with the sulphur precipitate taking the least amount of time to cloud the solution and causing the cross to become invisibile. This is because a low concentration of hydrochloric acid means that not as much molecules are ava ilable to collide, making molecular collision much less likely (). From 0. 5 to 1 Moles: From 0. 5 to 1 moles, the time taken for the reaction to take place decreases further as the rate of the reaction increases. Therefore the precipitate of sulphur is taking less time to form ().The gradient of the graph also increases as a result to 0. 00357 m/s. I have worked this out using the same equation as above: x/y= 1/280. This indicates that the rate of the reaction keeps on increasing as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases. From 1 to 2 Moles: By increasing the concentration of the acid from 1 to 2 moles, the rate of the reaction kept on increasing by taking less time for the reaction to occur. This is again shown by the line of best fit on figure 2, which at this point in the graph has a gradient of 0. 0913 m/s (x/y = 2/219), which is nearly triple the gradient stated previously. The rate of the reaction is a measure of how quickly this reaction is taking place. As you can see by the negative correlation between the time and the molarity of the acid shown on figure 2, the rate of the reaction keeps on increasing as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increasing. This result is supported by the collision theory. This theory indicates that for a reaction to occur, the particles or molecules must collide with each other to form a reaction.Infact, they need to collide hard enough for the reaction to become a successful one as well, since only a certain fraction of the total collisions actually result in a chemical change (). When those successful collisions occur, they have enough activation energy to break existing bonds and form new bonds, resulting in a chemical reaction and a new product being formed (). Increasing the concentration of a solution means increasing the amount of molecules that are available in that solution.Therefore, increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid from 1 to 2 moles is increasing the amount of molecu les in the acid that would be available to collide and cause a reaction. Therefore, this means that there would be more particles per dm?. The fact that more particles are available explains why the rate of the reaction becomes faster. This is because the more particles there are, the more successful molecular collision would be happening, which increases the rate of which the reaction occurs. This aspect of the collision theory is illustrated by the diagram below:The Collision Theory (figure 5) (). As you can see by the diagram above, the amount of collisions happening per second is a major factor that determines how quickly or slowly the rate of the reaction goes. Therefore a high concentration increases the chances of collisions and consequently results in an increase in the rate of the reaction. From 2 to 4 Moles: When increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid again from 2 to 4 moles, the trend still obeys the collision theory as far as the increase in the rate of th e reaction is concerned.This is reinforced by the dramatic gradient increase to 0. 025 m/s (x/y = 4/163), which is shown by figure 2 as well as 4. According to the collision theory, it is expected that when the concentration of the hydrochloric acid doubles, the rate of the reaction will tend to double as a result too. On the other hand this does not seem to be the case in this experiment, since the time take for the reaction to take place when 2 moles hydrochloric acid was used is 219 seconds, while it is 163 seconds when 4 moles hydrochloric acid is used.This indicates that the reaction happening at this experiment was not a perfect one. This could be as a result of human error or other factors affecting the rate of the reaction, which will be discussed later. From 4 to 5 Moles: Finally, by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used from 4 to 5 moles, the rate of the reaction was increased to become at its highest during this experiment, with the steepest gradient of 0. 035 m/s (x/y = 5/141).This implies that the amount of successful molecular collisions here are the highest with the sulphur precipitate clouding the solution in the quickest rate of time (141 seconds). Thus, the cross disappeared at the quickest rate as well. Error Bars Analysis: The second graph (figure 3) is a graph of error bars. Error bars show the range of results. I have drawn this graph since it is a visual account of the experiment’s reliability and so, it would help me decide whether the experiment was accurate enough or not. As you can see, the size of the error ars on figure 3 varies from small to large ones. I have decided that a bar range of 5 small squares on the graph is a reasonable maximum to detect the experiments accuracy. So, any range bars that vary above 5 small squares show inaccurate set of results. The error bars drawn on figure 3 show that the results obtained from 0. 1 to 0. 5 moles are rather inaccurate. This is because the error bars illustr ated for those set of results are relatively big, showing a difference of from 6 to 10 small squares. This implies that those results with big error bars are quite poor and lack accuracy.However, the rest of the experiments show relatively small error bars. In addition, the error bars seem to be getting smaller and smaller with a bar range that varies below 5 or 4 small squares. This proves that the results keep getting more and more accurate towards the end of the experiment which makes. Overall I believe that the results of this experiment are 71% accurate. This is because 5 out of 7 of the error bars had a small range, leaving 2 out of 7 of the error bars with rather big range bars. Evaluation:

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Disciplinary Literacies. Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disciplinary Literacies. Communication - Essay Example Many sources of information exist that define writing and literacy in the field. A review of finance journal articles, documentations from finance oriented professional organizations, and experiences among professionals in the field are some of the sources of information for evaluating literacy in the finance field. Advertisement is one of the forms of communication that promote literacy in the field. Financial institutions depend on operations from their clients, such as deposits, withdrawal, and funds’ transfer in which service fees are charged on consumers and advertisements market the institutions. Advertisement based communication must however be sensitive to consumers and other stakeholder’s values because improper usage is likely to generate adverse reactions from stakeholders while some cases may also lead to legal liability. An advertisement by Capital One is an example that demonstrate the scope of literacy in the finance field. The advertisement was not succe ssful because while it sought to promote use of the organization’s credit cards, it elicited negative reactions and some of the advertiser’s clients threatened to close their accounts or stop using the cards. This identifies a reverse reaction to what Capital One had intended and the nature of expected communication in the field explain the experience. The main problem to the advertisement, as Aspan explains in the American Banker, was selection of words as Capital One sought to draw consumers’ attention. Other professionals in the field did not welcome the use of damn day and their response identifies significance of ethical standards in communication in the finance field (Aspan 1). Another important aspect of communication in the field, and one that also relates to corporate ethics, is application of polite language in communication. Whether in appreciatory correspondence or in a critical communication, a formal and courteous tone is recommended and pecuniary liability exist in cases where a person or an organization is believed to have influenced other people, or parties’ communication. Positive criticism, with the aim of correcting perceived ills is however acceptable and the case of Capital One advertisement explains this. Aspan reports calls by organizations that people criticize the advertisement but notes that the level of responsibility in such calls when One Million Moms explains that even though it called for e-mail communications to Capital One to criticize its advertisements, it did not advocate for offensive comments in the elicited communications. The article also identifies the use of mass communication and online communication in the finance industry. The experience in the conflict identifies the use of advertisement as a sales strategy, the act that stimulates the conflict. One Million Moms, in its response to the advertisement and in its attempt to restore sanity in the profession, uses its website, a mass media, to urge its members to criticize the advertisement. The organization also specifies its preferred mode of communication for reaching Capital One, email, and these acts identify a high level of literacy among stakeholders in the finance sector to promote written and online communication. The level of literacy, in the sector, is also explained through expertise

Petro-Canada's Total Compensation Strategy and Program Research Paper

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The Industrialization of Europe 1780-1914 Essay

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