Competition and Competition Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Competition and Competition Policy - Essay ExampleAs the essay discusses Blue Beer plc is an of import producer of beer in Newcastle. Statistics shown that Blue Beer plc accounts for some 12% of all beer sold in the United farming but that its Bluelite plc is especially successful and accounts for 40% of all non-alcoholic beer consumed in the UK. Blue Beer has been negotiating with County Beers Ltd with a view to merger. County Beers is the head opposite producer of non-alcoholic beers and after merger the new company, British County Blue, will control 65% of the grocery store in non-alcoholic bee.According to the paper findings the overall policy of the European Union of competitive practices is as follows In a free market, business is a competitive game. Sometimes, companies whitethorn be tempted to avoid competing with each other and try to set their own rules for the game. At times, a major gaminger in the game may try to squeeze its competitors out of the market. The Euro pean Commission acts as the referee to ensure that all companies play by the same rules. This discussion stresses that markets started being highly competitive and this forced businesses to pursue ways and kernel to survive and grow. Price cutting, mergers and acquisitions, and formation of cartels began to be accepted as a way to keep remote competition. Monopolies or monopolistic tendencies began to be seen in the market creating unfair competition for smaller players.

Classical Ideals Represented in Eighteenth Century Paintings Essay

Classical Ideals stand for in Eighteenth Century Paintings - Essay compositors caseThe essay Classical Ideals Represented in Eighteenth Century Paintings analyzes Eighteenth Century Paintings and Classical Ideals Represented in them. The classical cultures of Greece and Rome with their well evolved political organization were based on traditions of liberty, civic virtue, moral philosophy and sacrifice and were considered worthy of emulation, during the great political upheavals in Britain. The significance of classical ideals in this era, emphasized neoclassicism during the french and American revolutions. Also, spectacular finds from the excavations of the Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii, buried in 79 CE by the volcanic eructation of Mount Vesuvius, further fuelled public interest in classic wile and architecture. Additionally, the scholarly attention of art historians such as Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768) focused on the ancient world and classical antiquity, thus extensively change magnitude interest in neoclassicism. The reknowned art critic and poet Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) observed that eighteenth century paintings contained a form of paragon borrowed from a repertory of classical ideals. This paper proposes to determine the extent of truth in Charles Baudelaires above statement, by studying works of art from the eighteenth century painted by well-known artists of the snip Anton Raphael Mengs, Gavin Hamilton, Angelica Kauffman and Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun. In the intellectual and artistic world of eighteenth century Britain, there was a spirit of optimism.

Large of numbers of people really leave home because of environmental Essay

Large of numbers of nation really leave home because of environmental problems - Essay object lessonThe environment is one of these developments that are influencing the movement of people from their homes. The environment encompasses a number of agentive roles in it including climatical diverge (Schipper and Pelling, 2006). Most of these environmental factors are natural, and human beings do not induce the ability to keep open them. The effects of these environmental factors are so severe that they force people flee their homes.The United Nations highschool Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) recent reports indicate that the number of environmental refugees has increased suggesting the severity of this matter. The factors that force people to move away from their homes can be summarized into two broad categories. These broad categories are climatic change factors and natural disasters.Climatic change accounts for the majority of environmental migration cases (Afolayan and Adeleka n, 2009). Global warming affects the ecosystem, which leads to drying up of rivers and other sources of peeing. Individuals have no access to clean water to sustain their life. Others whose livelihoods come from earth have no water to irrigate their lands. Lack of water will force people to move to other locations that have fit water. Climatic change affects health, availability of food and water, the ecosystem and the coastal regions, which affect the settlements of individuals.Food is a basic factor that is necessary for the survival of human beings. Most people especially in Africa depend on farming to provide them with food. Weather and climatic changes in some regions are becoming increasingly unpredictable at once due to degradation of the environment (Ezra, 2001). Individuals will move to other areas that are productive in harm of farming. Some areas are prone to diseases due to the environment. For instance, cold areas are breeding sites for mosquitoes. Rainfall causes development of swamps in some areas. These swamps create breeding sites for mosquitoes. Places

Human Resource Management Positive Discipline Policy Essay

Human Resource Management Positive Discipline form _or_ system of government - Essay ExampleAdditionally, by creating a policy which is applicable to a blanket range of offenses against the telephoner or the companys clients, the employees as well as the owners do not have to go through a debate process of judging the level of the offense and the level of the punishment or reprimand. Coming in late to work is trustedly an offence but it seldom mandates the same level of punishment as would the act of stealing from a client or a complete division in security protocols for an organization dealing with sensitive information or material (Ploskina, 2001). By having a policy for employee discipline, both the company and the employees are protected from being harmed.It give the sack be argued that this is not the outstrip policy but it can be shown that due to its common acceptance and the use of similar policies crossways many different companies it is familiar to a lot of workers. This can be very useful since workers would not have to be explained the procedures every period this policy is applied. For the majority of employees the knowledge of the three strikes system would be more or less ingrained and those who would homogeneous to get the details about the policy can simply read the document to get answers for any questions that they may have.Secondly, the policy saves a lot of time and money for a company in terms of being compliant with different government regulations as per the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the HIPAA regulations since the employee discipline and fiduciary responsibilities mandated by these regulations can be internalized in the policy rules. By internalizing the applicable government regulations and using discipline methods used and recommended by the government e.g. zero tolerance for certain offenses and three strikes for others, the company can reduce the cost of compliance (Lundquist, 2005).McManus (2006) takes an interesting view of r ules, regulations and discipline policies like the one used by us and says

Becoming who we are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Becoming who we are - Essay ExampleFor instance, my mother constantly updates the photos of herself in face-book platforms, so that her friends and peers may comment on them. This has an impact of shaping her identity and value, specifically because the comments normally determine the bearing in which people are able to view her. For instance, I remember that one time, she was able to authority a photo on her face-book platform, and she had put on some weights. This was able to attract a share of comments from her friends, who suggested to her on the various methods that can be used for purposes of cutting on her weight. This was one of the values that was be decimated ton her, that weight increase is not desirable. Telephones, specifically smart phones and mobile telephones play a manipulation in shaping our values and attitudes. As a young person, I am interested in the sending of short messages, to my friends, as a mode of communication. We normally communicate on a medley of issues, ranging from sports, relationships, and politics. This has an impact of shaping my values and attitudes, mostly because I am able to know on the values and perceptions of others regarding a topic, and reflect on it, if, they are able to reconcile with my values and perceptions. This is because every human world has some elements of beliefs and values (Steinem, 3). The personality of an individual can also be influenced through the methods used in communication. For example, mobile phone texting enables younger people to chat with each other, and these results to the passage of some information that may not be conducive. This would in turn lead to changes in the personalities of an individual, mainly because of the kind of information passed, during the movement of chatting.Explanation 2 Because of the emergence of the bare-assed methods of communication, many people have replaced the traditional methods of communication with these new forms of communication. This has m ade it difficult for an

ETHICS OF ANIMAL COLLECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ETHICS OF ANIMAL COLLECTION - Essay Example25) disagrees with this concept that confining carnals in a zoo is not beneficial to the society. He denotes that keeping animals in a zoo helps to protect animal species that are in danger of extinction (Parish and Taylor, 2010, p. 31). Michael (2000, p.33) denotes that keeping animals in a zoo is beneficial because it lead help to educate the public on a variety of animals, and their various characteristics. Blanchard (2011, p. 19) and Michael (2000, p. 35) denotes that the main ethical priming coat for the existence of Zoos is for the purpose of conserving wild animals. In fact, Parish and Taylor (2010, p. 22) denotes that Zoos have changed their policies over the last decade in differentiate to focus on animal preservation. To achieve this objective, Parish and Taylor (2010, p. 26) denotes that Zoos have embarked on creation of breeding programs that are meant to flip the existing extinct and endangered animal species. Michael (2000 , p. 39) further denotes that Zoos have initiated programs that are aimed on educating the public on the importance of conserving these animals, and their benefits to the eco-system. Twine (2010, p. 46) further believes that Zoos have initiated programs whose main aim is to raise money for purposes of conserving and preserving the animals under their protection.

Emotional intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emotional intelligence - Essay ExampleRationale for support of emotional intelligent First, onwards taking side with any of the sides, it is of the essence(p) to understand what EI entails. Stein, et al (7) coped that EI entails an individual being in a position to perceive, evaluate and control emotions. In this regard, EI could be termed as a potential tool in any work place that drop be phthisisd to assess or predict management performance. This is arguably true because in any work place, it is obvious that employees would be confronted by different situations that would take aim application of EI in order to be able to solve them. For instance, in the course of performing their duties, employees may understand themselves in conflict with their employers, fellow employees or customers. In such a situation, employees are mantic to apply EI principles in order to overcome such conflicts in a professional panache. EI helps people to accurately perceive emotions (Druskat, e t al 3). For instance, an employee should be in a position to accurately understand signs of an angry employer done various means such as body language and other nonverbal signs. In addition, employees notify use EI in using emotions to promote thinking and cognitive thinking. This helps them to garner appropriate measure to use in order to handle the situation at hand in a professional manner. ... This is important especially when traffic with employers, fellow employees or even the customers. Some employers may use EI to assess whether an employee can be able to perform in a stressful position within the organization. This can be applied especially when employers are seeking new persons to fill vacant positions or during promotion of the already existing employees (Stein, et al 7). If an employee has been in constant fights with colleagues and probably not been able to control his emotions, it is apparent that the employer would find it not suitable to offer such an employee a certain position that require soberness when dealing with customers and other employees (Cherniss 3). In another dimension, EI has been argued to play a critical role in motivating employees. When EI is know to be an evaluative tool within an organization, employees tend to carry themselves in a professional manner in order to please their bosses and improve on their performance. In this regard, it can be argued that EI can be used as a tool that can make employees excel in their work. However, opponents of EI may argue that EI can lock out potential employees from putting their skills in practice. Nevertheless, it should be noted that although many employees cook intellectual intelligent (IQ), it is not enough to make them good employees. In order for an organization to hold back competitive advantage especially in a highly competitive market, it is necessary to have a work force well equipped with both IQ and EI. This argument is correct because, for example, an excellent assim ilator with unbeatable IQ would require having EI in order to mange stress and emotions when sitting for exams. This is what would

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical view - Essay Exampleg or valid reasoning is also widely used in reporting events that is happening rough us, tell jokes to our friends and colleagues, extending an invitation to a special someone, making promises to other people, telling stories, giving orders or instructions to our subordinates or co-workers, describing something, entertaining other people, the act of evoking emotions, and a lot more (Fischer a, pp. 15 - 16).To have a sincere critical thinking, having a good logic is never enough in enabling us to act upon problems. It is equally important for us to have positive attitude and the necessary skills and knowledge in harm of solving problems. With regards to the importance of critical thinking, the definition of critical thinking as mentioned by Alec Fisher and Friedrich Nietzsche volition be discussed followed by comparing and contrasting the two traditions of critical thinking. As part of going finished the main discussion, specific examples coming fro m its respective texts will be provided accordingly. As part of the conclusion, my personal condemnation will be expressed in details explaining how I view the two traditions of critical thinking as explained by Fisher and Nietzsche.Alec Fisher acknowledges the different definitions of critical thinking as provided by the noteworthy contributors behind the development of critical thinking which includes John Dewey, Edward Glaser, Robert Ennis, Richard Paul, and Michael Scriven. According to Fischer, John Dewey known as the military chaplain of the modern critical thinking tradition defined critical thinking or critico-creative thinking as active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge in the lighthearted of the grounds which support it and the further conclusions to which it tends (Fisher b, p. 2).Upon analyzing the definition of critical thinking as provided by Dewey, it simply heart that critical thinking is an active process or the p rocess wherein the receiver of information or

Power point presentation on The Goblin shark , the retractable jaw, PowerPoint

Power point on The pixie shark , the retractable jaw, shape and colour of body as well as the electro-sensitive organs for finding stone pit - PowerPoint Presentation ExampleThe goblin sharks classification is as follows it is from the kingdom Animalia, infra the phylum chordata, class chondrichthyes, the cartilagenous fishes, subclass elasmobranchii, order lamniformes, family mitsukurinidae, genus mitsukurina, and species owstoni. The English common name is goblin shark, and its Japanese name is Ten-gu za-me, which is literally translated as goblin shark, due to the protruding snout.Slide 4The goblin shark is mostly seen in the coastal areas of Tosa Bay and Boso Peninsula in Japan, where it was first seen. They are demersal, meso-pelagic to benthic, and are mostly found in the bottom of the oceanic floor, as evidenced by fishermen catching them in nets that are dragged on the bottom of the ocean. They can be found as deep as 2000m. They are mostly found in temperate areas, ent irely are likewise found around the tropics, as shown in the succeeding slide.Slide 5 As seen from the distribution pattern, in yellow, these are the areas where sightings of the goblin shark are recorded from mostly sparse books available. Because of the inability of the shark to live in aquariums, presumably due to its adaption in living at immense depths, other parts of its life cycle such as reproduction and growth are remained in obscurity. However, examining the bowels of dead goblin sharks have made their feeding habits and prey known.Slide 6 As visor predators of the ocean, goblin sharks are just like other sharks that have electro-sensitive organs called the ampullae of Lorenzini, which detect the motions of prey roughly the ocean floor. Their retractable jaws suck in prey, and with the combination of their blade-like teeth prevent the prey from escaping. They are also known to be nocturnal, due to some sightings of them surfacing the waters at night.Slide 7 The prey m ost found in the stomachs of the goblin sharks that were caught were small, mesopelagic teleosts such as lantern

What advantages does a herfindahl-type index have as a measure of Essay

What advantages does a herfindahl-type index have as a measure of industrial concentration over an n firm concentration ratio - Essay ExampleThere are dickens main differences of the Herfindahl index with the concentration ratio. The Herfindahl index uses all the firms merchandise shares rather than using all incident number of the largest firms and furthermore, it uses the squares of the values of the market shares to compute the expiration of concentration. So,if we assume N firms in the industry, the Herfindahl index looks same(p)To identify the relative advantages of the Herfindahl type index it is pertinent to note the desirable properties such competitiveness indices should exhibit. First, any competitiveness index should exhibit a decreasing trend with a rising number of firms. This is scarcely a reflection of the fact that as the number of firms increases the competitiveness rises and hence any index that captures the extent of concentration in the industry should red uce in value (Tirole, 1988). Secondly, any index of concentration should in like manner be non-increasing if not declining with an increase in the extent of symmetry in the market shares of the associated firms (Tirole, 1988). Thus, having perceived the staple features any adequate index of concentration should have, we now proceed to comparatively analyse the two aforesaid(prenominal) measures in the extents they meet up to these requirements.Evidently, the concentration ratio as well as the Herfindahl index both(prenominal) satisfies the first requirement. Both of the indices shall exhibit declining trends as the number of firms start rising since the individual market shares as a percentage of the total market output shall fall. However, the concentration ratio fails to satisfy the second requirement. If thither was a redistribution of market shares among the considered firms with some of them gaining higher market shares while that of the others fell so that the total market share of these firms taken together remained the same, the concentration ratio would not change. However, in the Herfindahl index, the squared values of the individual market

Mystical experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

surreptitious fancy - Assignment ExampleSuch experiences ar always spiritual, though they may not be they be not limited to priests or monks. However, all individual religious experiences are entrenched in mystical states of reason, yet all mystical experiences are partially religious. Although mystical experiences fall commonly, they happen unbidden to someone perhaps once or severally in a life duration. Mystical experiences are for example, those of oneness with nature and the denseer self, the mystic is always a tragic form, torn by the tensions betwixt the soul and the body, between the spiritual and physical. He is beleaguered by his bodily chains that limit him to this meager naive realism he is drawn to the elusive, he longs for the inspiring, for the best. He desires to free himself, to rise further. The world surrounding him is a dark, terrible place, his spirit sores and soars, attempting to flee its worldly prison. William James identified four Mystical charact eristics Ineffability, where mystical states are to a greater extent similar to states of whimsy than intelligence, slightly shaded with fine nuances that are hard to express in their import and grandeur to another. As a result, much mystical writing is fil direct with symbolism and paradoxes1. Noetic quality experiences are conditions of insight, knowledge, revelation, awareness, and illumination beyond the grab of the intelligence. There is knowledge of unity with the totality, of immorality of the soul, of immense truths. Space and time are exceeded. Transiency, mystical experiences fleet in linear time, even though they tend to be eternal. It is grand to maintain a mystical state for long hours. For instance, Eastern adepts are capable of sustaining prolonged stages of Samadhi, a mystical condition of one-pointed meditation and some allegedly are able to maintain the highest states of nirvana. Passivity, the personal feels held by a greater power and swept up. This can be acc ompanied by a feeling of division from bodily consciousness, trance, or phenomena like automatists, healing powers, voices, and visions. Such examples are viewed in Eastern opinion as conditions of pseudo-enlightenment. Religious mysticism makes schools and accumulates traditions, much less common than people think. For example, in Christianity, mysticism is unremarkably self-indulgent and ascetic in nature in the Vedanta institution it is monistic, in the Sankhya institution it is dualistic. Since mystical experiences set out to a large degree, the mystical feeling of union, emancipation, and enlargement has no specific rational content on its own. Therefore, the non-mystic is ever gratified to confer a greater authority to the experience or to the mystic. Mystical consciousness simplifies the way in which truth is procured more significantly. The truth or validity-revealing character of a mystical experience as with other knowledge does not depend on the validity of the integra ted theories such as those determined by the culture within which the experience is felt. The validity of the integrated speculation is relative to the know-how led to them earlier and the experiences which are made possible by themselves. It must be likely for the experience cashier through the theories inclusive of the incorporated theories and make people to remake them. More positively, mysticism might admirer to liberate traditions from most of its deforming influences. Part II. Question 6 The life and works of St. Theresa of Avila In mid-life, St. Teresa underwent a deep conversion experience,

Final project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Final project - explore Paper ExampleFor example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13 among others (Coutinho, 2009, p.46).In public refer cryptography, encryption and description let two conveying gatherings to mask entropy they send to unmatched another. The sender scrambles, or scrambles, data before sending it. The recipient decodes, or unscrambles, the data subsequent to accepting it. While in travel, the encoded data is addled to a gatecrasher. Tamper identification permits the beneficiary of data to confirm that it has not been changed in travel. Any enterprise to alter information or substitute a false message for a genuine one will be recognized. Authentication permits the beneficiary of data to focus its cause that is, to affirm the senders personality. Nonrepudiation keeps the sender of data from asserting at a later date that the data was never sent.A certificate is an electronic archive used to recognize an individual, a server, an organization, or some other element and to par tner that lawsuit with a public key. An authentication gives for the most part perceived evidence of a mans character. Public key cryptography uses authentications to address the issue of mimic. Authentication is the procedure of affirming a personality. In the setting of formation cooperation, substantiation includes the sure ID of one gathering by another gathering. Validation over systems can take numerous structures. Declarations are one method for supporting validation. Customer confirmation is a fundamental component of system security inside most intranets or extranets.For example, a server may oblige a node to sort a name and closed book word before conceding access to the server. The server keeps up a rundown of names and passwords if a specific name is on the rundown, and if the client sorts the right secret key, the server awards access. Customer confirmation in view of authentications is a piece of the SSL convention. The customer digitally signs an indiscriminatel y produced bit of

Juvinile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Juvinile - probe ExampleThese people are taken to regular courts and if need be are jailed by and by justice has been reached as per the rules of the land. On the other hand, if the offender is below 18 courses of age, a diverse set of rules apply. These persons are tried below juvenile law where the goal is to rehabilitate rather than penalise the minors for crimes done. This will be the focus of this discussion and this paper will look at confused issues as pertains to a juvenile case The People v. Eric S. Considering juvenile case number A125758 of the people as the plaintiff and Eric S. as the defendant/appellant, there are a number of issues that arise. This case arose when the appellant, 17 year old Eric together with his two teenage companions attacked a 44 year old man. During the attack, the appellant score the victim in the head with a two by four resulting in severe injuries. These injuries accommodate a gash in the head that necessitate seven staples, a fractu red cheekbone resulting to swelling of the face, a contusion on his right forearm and a sprained knee and torn ligaments (Justia US Law, 2). In step-up to this, the victim suffered a black eye and severe swelling of the knee and forearm. Being a segment of the Kaiser family foundation, the victim received extensive medical treatment at a Kaiser facility. After the court hearing, the appellant was declared a ward of the juvenile court when he admitted to a felony assault count of use force likely to cause great bodily injury. The decision of the court was to release him but amaze him on home probation under a number of conditions (Justia US Law, 2). In addition to these conditions, he was required to pay direct victim reparation. In the restitution hearing, the district attorney asked the court to include the appeal of the victims treatment at the Kaiser Foundation. This amounted to $51,270.06 which included $48, 619.90 for the cost incurred at the Kaiser Family plus an additio nal $2,650.16 for due expenses incurred by the victim. According to People v. Duong (2010) 180 Cal.App.4th 1533 (Duong), the court held that victim restitution ordered against adult offenders under Penal Code section 1202.4 may include amounts billed for medical services provided by a health maintenance organization (Findlaw, 5).As a result of this decision, there were a number of legal questions that arose, head start of all, the question of having to pay for the cost of all the treatment that the victim received at the Kaiser Family Foundation. Would it not be fair enough if the appellant only covered the victims out of-pocket expenses? This is from reasoning that the victim was a member of the Kaiser HMO and thus would not have to pay for the medical services that he received from the institution. Another question that arose was the fact that direct restitution should be limited to the economic losings a victim occurs as a result of an attack and should not include medical expe nses that the victim did not pay for personally. PART 2 In defense of the ordered restitution amount that was to include the medical care provided by the Kaiser Foundation, one critical question was answered by the case. This was the fact that ordering restitution for a victim in a juvenile case was to serve three functions which include, to rehabilitate the defender, to interrupt future delinquent behavior and finally to make the victim whole by compensating him for the economic release

Geography Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Geography - Lab Report ExampleThe leash category Good Alternative, its application is mainly evident worldwide where the coverage encompasses unregulated sea regions. Hence, depict good records in comparison to other techniques if applied to the similar coverage. Additionally, Yellowfin Tunas capability to reproduce quickly also aids in boosting their sustainability despite heavy over angle especially in the unregulated regions (MBAF).The fish forms the overfished category where there is the utilization of destructive methods especially to the other marine biography or surround. In addition, it is unfit for consumption owing to its high atomic number 80 content besides other contaminants.Fishs category chiefly relies on its environment and the mode of fishing that may localize either negative or positive impact on other aquatic life and environment (MBAF). For instance, fish that are in the same group with Hake White usually possess high mercury content besides being unfit for consumption, which is contrary to giant seaperch. After attaining this information, I now prefer Barramundi fish, because it does not have any negative effects on human besides its rearing and fishing being environmentally

Mitochondrial DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mitochondrial DNA - Essay ExampleThis is accomplished in earthly concern by the sequencing one or more of the hypervariable control portions (HVR1 or HVR2) of the mitochondrial DNA (Schwartz & Vissing 2002).Mitochondrial evening is referred to as an source who has been hypothesized on the grounds of fossil as well as DNA evidence (Vigilant et al. 1991). Phylogenies are constructed on mtDNA comparison shown that the living military man whose mitochondrial lineages branched earliest from the tree are endemic Africans, while the lineages of indigenous peoples on otherwise continents all branch off from African lines (Vigilant et al. 1991). Researchers can reason that all humans descend from Africa and then they migrated out of Africa to populate the rest of the world. If the mitochondrial analysis is accurate, then mitochondrial Eve represents the origin of the mitochondrial family tree. Eve must have predated the mass departure and lived in Africa (Vigilant et al. 1991). Mitocho ndrial Eve was the most recent matrilineal antecedent of humans alive today. On the other hand, as evident lineages died out, the status of common matrilineal rootage would have been passed to a descendant of the previous matrilineal ancestor. ... The nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable 1 (HV-1) region of mtDNA was intractable from samples of all four groups. There were 275 HV-1 sequences, and a total of 164 haplotypes were detect (Jackson et al.). Jackson reveals that through analysis of molecular inconsistency indicated that the distribution of these haplotypes within the Limba sample was considerably different from the other ethnic groups. He nurture states that there was no significant difference between the other groups (Jackson et al.). These distinguishing results show genetic differences that can be observed within different ethnic groups in considerably close proximity of each other. Moreover, Jackson, and his group, observed some mtDNA haplotypes that were simil ar among the Sierra Leone ethnic groups and that have not been published in any other West African studies (Jackson et al.). As a result, there may be evidence for mtDNA lineages that are alone(p) to this region of Western Africa. The methods of sampling were cheek swabs, using the BuccalAmp DNA Extraction kit according to the manufacturers specifications, which were winning from 166 unrelated individuals from all four ethnic groups Mende, Temne, Loko, and Limba (Jackson et al.). These samples were obtained in pre-arranged meetings and males were primarily observed. This was because matrilineal and lineal studies were conducted (Jackson et al.). Matrilineal and patrilineal ethnic lineages over three generations were recorded for each individual. The mtDNA haplotypes were determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable region (HV-I). HV1 sequences were allied and edited from positions 16001-16480 to ensure the identification of unambiguous polymorphisms (Jacks on et al.). 480 bases of HV-I